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Malum prohibitum : ウィキペディア英語版
Malum prohibitum

''Malum prohibitum'' (plural ''mala prohibita'', literal translation: "wrong (or because ) prohibited") is a Latin phrase used in law to refer to conduct that constitutes an unlawful act only by virtue of statute, as opposed to conduct evil in and of itself, or ''malum in se.''
Conduct that is so clearly violative of society's standards for allowable conduct that it is illegal under English common law is usually regarded as ''malum in se''. An offense that is ''malum prohibitum'' may not appear on the face to directly violate moral standards. The distinction between these two cases is discussed in ''State of Washington v. Thaddius X. Anderson'':
Criminal offenses can be broken down into two general categories ''malum in se'' and ''malum prohibitum''. The distinction between ''malum in se'' and ''malum prohibitum'' offenses is best characterized as follows: a ''malum in se'' offense is "naturally evil as adjudged by the sense of a civilized community," whereas a ''malum prohibitum'' offense is wrong only because a statute makes it so. ''State v. Horton'', 139 N.C. 588, 51 S.E. 945, 946 (1905).
"Public welfare offenses" are a subset of ''malum prohibitum'' offenses as they are typically regulatory in nature and often "'result in no direct or immediate injury to person or property but merely create the danger or probability of it which the law seeks to minimize.'" Bash, 130 Wn.2d at 607 (quoting Morissette v. United States, 342 U.S. 246, 255-56, 72 S. Ct. 240, 96 L. Ed. 288 (1952)); see also State v. Carty, 27 Wn. App. 715, 717, 620 P.2d 137 (1980).

Examples of crimes and torts that might be considered as malum prohibitum—but not malum in se—include:
*building or modifying a house without a license
*copyright infringement
*illegal drug use
*illegal hunting
*operating a business without a license
*prohibition of alcohol
*surrogacy for profit
*weapon possession
*illegal immigration
*Jaywalking
*Hitchhiking
==See also==

*Public-order crime
*Victimless crime

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
ウィキペディアで「Malum prohibitum」の詳細全文を読む



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